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《高一英语知识点归纳》

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高一英语知识点归纳1

一. 直接引语和间接引语

(一)直接引述别人的原话,叫做直接引语;用自己话转述别人的话,叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内,间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时,除将引语部分变成宾语从句外,还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。

1. 时态的变化:直接引语变为间接引语时,通常受转述动词said, asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态,即把原来的时态向过去推,也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时,现在进行时变为过去进行时,等等。例如:

Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”

→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.

2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化: 根据意义进行相应的变化,例如:

She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”

→She asked Jack where he had been.

He said,“These books are mine.”

→He said that those books were his.

(二)直接引语改为间接引语时,都使用陈述语序,但是因为原句的句式不同,所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。直接引语如果是一般疑问句,用连接词whether或if;如果是特殊疑问句,则用疑问词引导间接引语。转述的动词一般用asked,可以在其后加上一个间接宾语me, him, her, us等。如:

She said,“Is your father at home?”

→She asked me if/whether my father was at home.

“What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me.

→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.

直接引语如果是祈使句,改为间接引语时,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式,并在不定式的前面根据原句的语气(即请求或命令)加上ask, tell, order等动词,如果祈使句为否定式,则在不定式前加not。其句型为:ask / tell / order someone (not) to do something. 例如:

She said to us,“Please sit down.”

→She asked us to sit down.

He said to him,“Go away!”

→He ordered him to go away.

He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”

→He told the boys not to make so much noise.

二. 各种时态的被动语态

被动语态概述

被动语态的概念:它是动词的一种形式,表示主语与谓语之间的执行或被执行关系。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者,例如:They saw the little boy crying by the river. 被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者,例如:The little boy was seen crying by the river.

被动语态的构成

被动语态的形式是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态等的不同而变化。几种常见时态的被动语态形式如下:

1. 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词

例如:Rice is planted in the south of China.

2. 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词

例如:These trees were planted the year before last.

3. 一般将来时 will/shall + be + 过去分词

例如:A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.

4. 现在进行时 am/is/are + being + 过去分词

例如:Your radio is being repaired now.

5. 过去进行时 was/were + being + 过去分词

When he got there, the problem was being discussed.

6. 现在完成时 have/has + been + 过去分词

His work has been finished.

Has his work been finished? Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t.

7. 过去完成时 had + been + 过去分词

注意:

1.除了be之外的其它系动词如get, stay等也可以和过去分词构成被动语态。例如:Their questions haven’t got answered.

2. 含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态使用“情态动词+ be + 过去分词”结构。例如:

More attention should be paid to the old in this country.

This work can’t be done until Mr. Black comes.

3. 含有“be going to”, “be to”等结构的谓语,其被动语态分别用“be going to + be + 过去分词”和“be to + be + 过去分词”。例如:

The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting.

All these books are to be taken to the library.

4. 被动语态与系表结构的区别:“连系动词+用作表语的过去分词”构成的系表结构,与被动语态的形式完全一样,所以应注意它们的区别。被动语态中的过去分词是动词,多强调动作;系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词,多强调状态。前者通常可用by 引出动作的执行者,而后者则不可以。例如:

The map was changed by someone.(被动结构)

That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.(系表结构)

系表结构中的过去分词通常可被very修饰,被动语态中的过去分词往往要用much修饰。

例如:

He was very excited.(系表结构)

He was much excited by her words.(被动结构)

5. 主动形式表被动意义。有些动词的主动形式有被动意味,如 open, read, sell, shut, wash, wear, write等。此时句子的主语一般是物。例如:

These books sell well. 这些书很畅销。

The door won’t shut. 这门关不上。

The clothes wash well. 这些衣服很好洗。

高一英语知识点归纳2

一、现在分词和过去分词的构成(形式)

外教一对一 一般式 doing being done

完成式 having done having been done

过去分词的构成:done

二、过去分词的用法

过去分词一般表示完成的和被动的动作,只有一种形式。

过去分词用法如下:

1.作定语 和现在分词作定语的用法相同。作定语用的过去分词如果是单词,一般放在名词的前面;如果是过去分词短语,要放在名词的后面。

2.作表语

3.作宾语补足语

4.作状语

三、现在分词的用法

1. 作定语 作定语用的分词如果是单词,一般放在名词的前面。如果是分词短语,一般放在名词的后面,它的功用相当于定语从句。

2. 作表语

3. 作宾语补足语 分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语。可带这种复合宾语的动词有:see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep等。

高一英语知识点归纳3

一、一般过去将来时

1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。

2.时间状语:The next day (morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.

3.基本结构:主语+was/were +going to + do+其它;主语+would/should + do+其它

4.否定形式:主语+was/were+not + going to + do; 主语+would/should + not + do.

5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。

6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他说他第二天要去北京。

I asked who was going there.我问,谁要去那里。

二、 现在进行时

1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

2.时间状语:Now, at this time, days, etc. look. listen

3.基本结构:主语+be +doing +其它

4.否定形式:主语+be +not +doing+其它

5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。

6.例句:How are you feeling today?你今天感觉如何?

He is doing well in his lessons.在课上他表现得很好。

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