《英语四级高级语法讲解：虚拟语气最新15篇》

语法的练习中，经常加强并复习虚拟语气相关的练习题，有利于提高我们对于虚拟语气的运用熟悉度。

虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法 1

（一）形式 　　注：

1、在从句中，be动词多用were的形式。在口语中，如果主语是第一、第三人称单数的话，be动词可用was，但人们总是说：If I were you.。.

2、主句中的谓语可以由would，should，could和 might这四个不同的情态动词来构成。

3、与将来事实相反的条件从句中，谓语有三种不同的形式：过去式、were +to do或should +do。 　　例句1：If I were you，I would study hard.我要是你的话，我就会好好学习。（与现在事实相反） 　　例句2：If I had studied hard，I would have passed CET-6 last semester.我要是早就好好学习的话，那么我上个学期就通过六级考试了。（与过去事实相反） 　　例句3：If Iwere to pass CET-6，I would treat you to dinner at KFC.我要是过了六级考试，就请你去吃肯德基。（与将来事实相反）

（二）省略/倒装 　　如果在虚拟从句中包含有一个助动词、情态动词、动词be或have，则可把if省略，把上类动词提到主语之前，使用倒装语序。

例句4：Had it not been for the PLA，we wouldn’t have been able to beat the flood.4要不是人民解放军，我们是无法战胜洪水的。

例句5：Were he here now，he would certainly help me.5他要是在这里肯定会帮我的忙。 　　注4：例句4中的从句部分出现了否定词not，如果把该句还原成正常语序，应该是： 　　If it hadn’t been for the PLA，we wouldn’t have been able to beat the flood.

但是一旦句子发生了省略，就必须把hadn’t分开，否定词not还原，放在主语之后，不可写成Hadn’t it b

表示现在/过去/将来情况的虚拟条件句 2

虚拟条件句主要有三种结构：

1)　表示与现在情况相反：主句谓语用“would / could / might +动词原形”，从句谓语用“动词的一般过去时”(动词be的过去式一律用were)。

If I were you, I would not accept his offer.

If I had time, I would certainly go to the cinema with you.

2) 表示与过去情况相反：主句谓语用“would / could / might + have +过去分词”，从句谓语用过去完成时。

If I had got up a little earlier, I wouldn’t have missed the train.

If I had been more careful, I might have passed that exam.

3) 表示与将来情况相反：主句谓语用“would / could / might +动词原形”，从句谓语用“were +动词不定式”或“should +动词原形”。

If I were to do the job, I would not be able to have enough time to study.

If it should rain tomorrow, I would not go out with you.

as if / though引起的从句 3

当as if / though引起的从句所表达的内容完全与实际情况相反或者纯粹是一种假设时，通常要用虚拟语气。如果从句表示与现在的事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；如果从句表示与过去的事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时；如果从句表示与将来的事实相反，谓语动词用would (might, could) + 动词原形；

They talked as if they had been friends for years.

I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.

It looks as if it might rain.

Note: 如果as if / though引起的从句所表达的内容被看作是事实或者有可能是真实的，则要用陈述语气。

It seems as if it is going to rain.

The meat tastes as if it has already gone bad.

虚拟条件句连接词if的省略 4

如果虚拟条件句的从句中含有were, had, should, could等词时，可以省略连接词if，但这时必须把were, had, should, could等词移到主语前面，形成倒装。这种句型主要用于书面形式。

Were I to do the job, I would finish doing it within two weeks.

Had it not been for his help, we couldn’t have arrived there on time.

Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.

would rather(that)引出的从句 5

would rather意为“宁愿”，接从句时常省略关系代词that。would rather后的从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望。

I’d rather you told me the truth.

I would rather you came tomorrow than today.

I’d rather you hadn’t told me about it.

if 条件状语从句的虚拟语气 6

一。基本结构

1、 与现在事实相反

If + 主语+were/ did/ were doing, 主语+should/ would/ could/ might +动词原形

强调：必须把上面的结构套用对！

2、 与过去事实相反

If + 主语+ had done, 主语 +should/would/ might/ could + have done.

强调：必须把上面的结构套用对！

3、 与将来事实相反

If + 主语 + were/ did/ were to do/ should do, 主语+ should/ would/ could/ might do

强调：必须把上面的结构套用对！

第三个结构中，从句中的were to do可能性最小，should do的可能性稍大。

二。变化

1、 错综时间条件句

所谓错综，就是结构和我们的基本结构不一致，出现了从句用与过去事实相反，而主句则为与现在事实相反或与将来事实相反。

那么，我们就分别用各自的结构即可。

If + 主语+had done, 主语 +would/should/ could/ might do

再将强调结构必须正确。

我们对比下面两个句子：

If you had studied harder then, yoursituation would have been better.

If you had studied harder then, yoursituation would be better now.

注意：在错综时间条件句中，务必有明确的表示错综的时间状语，或者通过上下文能看出是时间的不同，否则，就必须按前面的基本结构套用。

2、 含蓄条件句

假设情况并不一定用条件从句来表示，而用其他方式来表示，这就是含蓄条件句了。

用without短语，分词短语，或独立主格来表示。

Without going with you last night, I wouldhave been robbed.

=If I hadn’t gone with you last night, Iwould have been robbed.

Having known each other before, we wouldn’thave fought last night.

= If we had known each other before, wewouldn’t have fought last night.

用相当于if的其他连词表示。

But that.。.要不是

Otherwise否则

He was ill, otherwise, he would have cometo meet you.

通过上下文来判断。

I would have given you more money, but Ihad little money last month.

三。虚拟条件句中的倒装

满足如下三个条件方可倒装：

必须是非真实条件句

从句中的谓语动词有were, had,should时

倒装后，省略引导词if,

Had I a lot of money, I would buy a bighouse.

=If I had a lot of money, I would buy a bighouse.

表示猜测的几种不同的方法及意义 7

一些情态动词与动词的完成式连用能够表示对过去情况的猜测或者未实现的可能性。

1) could have + 过去分词

A. 表示对过去可能发生的事情的推测，意为，“可能做了某事”。

He couldn’t have seen her yesterday.

They could have lost their way.

B. 表示某事在过去本有可能发生，但事实上并未发生，意为，“本可以做某事”。

We could have started a little earlier.

I could have killed her. It was a narrow escape.

2) may (might) have + 过去分词

A. 表示对过去情况的推测，意为，“可能已做某事”。

He may have heard the news.

I might have come to a wrong conclusion.

B. 表示一种未实现的可能性，即本可以做某事，而实际上并没有做，有时含有抱怨的口吻。

It was a narrow escape. You might have killed yourself.

A lot of men died who might have been saved.

3) must have + 过去分词

表示逻辑上的必然性，即按照某些现象推断过去肯定发生过的某事。

She must have made a big mistake.

The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization.

4) needn’t have + 过去分词

表示过去不必做某事，但已经做了，即本可不必做某事。

You needn’t have woken me up. I don’t have to go to work today.

He needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.

5) should / ought to have + 过去分词

表示过去应该做某事而实际上没有做。

You should / ought to have done what your parents told you. (But you failed to do it.)

You should / ought to have been more careful. (But you weren’t.)

6) shouldn’t / oughtn’t to have + 过去分词

表示过去不应该做某事而实际上却做了。

You shouldn’t / oughtn’t to have crossed the road when the lights were red. (But you did.)

They shouldn’t / oughtn’t to have left so soon. (But they did.)

7) would have + 过去分词

表示对现在或将来某时之前业已完成的动作的推测。可译为，“可能”、“也许”、“想必”。

He would have arrived by now.

She would have recovered by then.

lest, for fear that和 in case引起的从句 8

当lest, for fear that和 in case表示“以免，以防，生怕，惟恐”等时，在它们引起的从句中，谓语动词常用should + 动词原形。

He ran away lest he should be seen.

He’s working hard for fear that he should fall behind.

He left early in case he should miss the last train.

wish后宾语从句中的谓语构成 9

动词wish后的宾语从句表示未实现的或不可能实现的愿望，其宾语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，有以下三种构成形式。

1) 表示现在不可能实现的愿望，宾语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时。(be的过去式为were)。

I wish I had enough money to buy a car.

I wish I were as young and energetic as you.

2) 表示过去未能实现的愿望，宾语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时(had +过去分词)或“would / could + have +过去分词 ”。

I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake.

I wish I could have done it better.

3) 表示将来不可能实现的愿望，宾语从句中的谓语动词用“would / should (could, might) +动词原形”。

I wish I would not get old.

I wish I could travel around the world one day.

虚拟语气专项练习题解析 10

1、 If I ____ where he lived， I ____ a note to him.

A. knew， would

B. had known， would have sent

C. know， would send

D. knew， would have sent

2、 If they ____ earlier than expected， they ____ here now.

A. had started， would be

B. started， might be

C. had started， would have been

D. will start， might have been

3、 I didn't know his telephone number. ____ it， I ____ then.

A. Had I known， would ring him up

B. Should I know， would have rung him up

C. If I knew; would ring him up

D. Had I known; would have rung him up

4、 Mary is ill today. If she _____， she ____ absent from school.

A. were not ill， wouldn't be

B. had been ill， wouldn't have been

C. had been ill， should have been

D. hadn't been ill， could be

5、 Were I to do it， I ________ it some other way.

A. will do B. would do C. would have done D. were to do

6、 I ________ him the answer ________ possible， but I was so busy then.

A. could tell， if it had been

B. must have told， were it

C. should have told， had it been

D. should have told， should it be

7、 Without your help， we________ so much.

A. won't achieve B. didn't achieve C. don't achieve D. wouldn't have achieved

8、 You didn't take his advice. ________ his advice， you ________ such a mistake.

A. Had you taken， wouldn't have made

B. If you had taken， would make

C. Were you lo take， shouldn't have made

D. Have you taken， won't have made

9、 We wish we ____ what you did when we were at high school.

A. did B. could have done C. have done D. should do

10、 She wishes she ____ to the theatre last night.

A. went B. would go C. had gone D. were going

11、 Tom is very short now. His mother wishes that he ________ be tall when he grows up.

A. could B. should C. would D. were able to

12、 My sister advised me that I ________ accept the invitation.

A. could B. must C. should D. might

13、 He asks that he ________ an opportunity to explain why he's refused to go there.

A. is given B. must give C. should give D. be given

14、 Do you think of Wang Fang's suggestion that he ________ Mr. Li to the party?

A. will invite B. have invited C. is invited D. invite

15、 I insisted that he ________ at once.

A. be gone B. go C. would go D. might go

16、 Li Ming insisted that he ________ anything at all.

A. hadn't stolen B. shouldn't steal C. doesn't steal D. steal

17、 It is quite natural that my coming late again ________ them very angry.

A. had made B. would make C. makes D. make

18、 He acted as if he ________ everything in the world.

A. knew B. knows C. has known D. won't know

19、 Read it aloud so that I ________ you clearly.

A. may hear B. will hear C. hear D. have heard

20、 They got up early in order that they ________ they first train.

A. caught B. will catch C. might catch D. shall catch

21、 I am sorry that he ________ in such poor health.

A. are B. shall be C. were D. should be

22、 That is a good book. You ________ it yesterday.

A. could buy B. should buy C. should have bought D. bought

23、 It is high time we ________ home.

A. will go B. would go C. have gone D. went

24、 I'd rather that you ________ home.

A. went B. have gone C. will go D. had gone

25、 If only I _________ to the lecture!

A. listen B. will listen C. am listening D. had listened

26、 —— If he_____， he ______ that food.

---- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.

A. was warned， would not take

B. had been warned， would not have taken

C. would be warned， had not taken

D. would have been warned， had not taken

27、 I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she _________， she would have met my brother.

A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come

28、 Without electricity， human life ________ quite different today.

A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be

29、 He ________ you more help， even though he was very busy.

A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give

30、 If city noises _______ from increasing， people _______ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.

A. are not kept， will have to

B. are not kept， have to

C. do not keep， will have to

D. do not keep， have to

31、 Mike's father， as well as his mother， insisted that he ________ home.

A. stayed B. could stay C. has stayed D. stay

32、 Mr. Smith insisted that he ________ the work all.

A. had done B. have done C. did D. so

33、 Jane would never have gone to the party ________ that Mary would come to see her.

A. has she known B. had she known C. if she know D. if she has known

34、 If you had enough money， what ________?

A. will you buy

B. would you buy

C. would you have bought

D. will you have bought

35、 If you ________ that film late last night， you wouldn't be so sleepy.

A. didn't see B. haven't seen C. wouldn't have seen D. hadn't seen

36、 Our monitor requested that ________.

A. all the clastudied more carefully the problem

B. the problem was more carefully studied

C. with great care the problem could be studied

D. all the clastudy the problem more carefully

37、 —— Would you have called her up had it been possible?

Yes, but I ________ busy doing my homework.

A. was B. were C. had been D. would be

38、 His tired face suggested that he ________ really tired after the long walk.

A. had been B. was C. be D. should be

39、 It is important that we ________.

if引导条件状语从句的用法 11

某事很可能发生，条件是可能存在的，主句中某种情况发生的概率也是很高的。如：

If you ask him,he will help you.如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。

If you fail in the exam,you will let him down.如果你考试不及格，你会让他失望的。

If you have finished the homework,you can go home.如果你作业做完了就可以回家了。

另外，if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件，也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设。从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时，表示对现在或过去的一种假设。如：

If I were you,I would invite him to the party.如果我是你，我会邀请他参加聚会。

I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic.要不是交通堵塞，我本会来得早一些。

另外你还要注意if 条件句的时态搭配

1.if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时

If he runs he’ll get there in time.如果他用跑的，他就会及时赶到那儿。

The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail.如果你拉猫的尾巴，它就会抓你。

2.if从句用一般现在时，主句用may/might/can

If the fog gets thicker the plane may/might be diverted.如果雾在大一些，飞机可能就会改在别的机场降落。

If it stops snowing we can go out.如果雪停了，我们就可以出去。

3.if从句用一般现在时，主句用must/should

If you want to lose weight you must/should eat less bread.如果你想减肥，你必须少吃面包。

4.if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般现在时

If you heat ice it turns to water.（也可用will turn）如果把冰加热，它就会化成水。

5.if从句用现在进行时，主句用一般将来时

If you are looking for Peter you’ll find him upstairs.如果你是在找彼得，上楼就会找到他。

6.if从句用现在完成时，主句用一般将来时

If you have finished dinner I’ll ask the waiter for the bill.如果你吃完了，我就叫服务生来算账

If only引出的从句 12

If only引出的从句用以表达感叹性的愿望，常译为“要是…就好了”。If only从句经常省略结果主句，且主要用在虚拟语气中，即从句的谓语动词用一般过去时表示现在或将来不可能实现的愿望，或用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望。

If only the rain would stop.

If only I’d listened to my parents.

Note: if only引出的句子偶尔也可使用陈述语气，但考生须注意的是，在各类测试中一般都以用虚拟语气为正确答案。

某些名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气 13

在一些名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气。这时，谓语动词用动词原形或should +动词原形。这类名词一般表示命令，要求，决定，建议，主张等概念，主要有：advice, idea, instruction, motion, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion,等。

My suggestion is that we (should) send for a doctor immediately.

He gave the order that they (should) do the experiment again.

某些动词后的宾语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气 14

在一些动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气。这时，谓语动词用动词原形或should +动词原形。这类动词一般表示命令，要求，决定，建议，主张等概念，主要有：advise, ask, command, decide, demand, desire, direct, insist, move, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest,等。

The workers demanded that their wages (should) be raised by 10 per cent.

The teacher decided that you do the experiment first.

虚拟语气的时态 15

一、过去式：

if 从句：had done

英语语法：虚拟语气的时态

主句：情态动词(would，could，might，should)+have done

英语语法：虚拟语气的时态

二、现在式：

if 从句：did/were

英语语法：虚拟语气的时态

主句：情态动词(would，could，might，should)+do

英语语法：虚拟语气的时态

三、将来时：

if 从句：①should/shall do

②were to do

③did/were

英语语法：虚拟语气的时态

6

主句：情态动词(would，could，might，should)+do